Evaluating gradient-based explanation methods for neural network ECG analysis using heatmaps

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Andrea M. Storås, Steffen Mæland, Jonas Isaksen, Steven Alexander Hicks, Vajira Thambawita, Claus Graff, Hugo Lewi Hammer, Pål Halvorsen, Michael Alexander Riegler, Jørgen K. Kanters

Published: 2025, Last Modified: 02 Mar 2026J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc. 2025EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Evaluate popular explanation methods using heatmap visualizations to explain the predictions of deep neural networks for electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis and provide recommendations for selection of explanations methods.