Smart Cane with ToF-Based Obstacle Detection and Multimodal Feedback for Visually Impaired Users

Sara Belen Juvinao Noriega, Cristian Yarisse Olivares Carrillo, Humberto Jose Lopez Torres

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Keywords: Visual impairment, smart cane, Time-of-Flight sensors, haptic feedback, assistive technology.

TL;DR: inclusive

Abstract: This paper presents the design and evaluation of a smart cane prototype designed to enhance independent navigation for individuals with visual impairments. The system integrates two VL53L0X Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors and an ESP8266MOD D1 Mini microcontroller to detect obstacles at varying heights with high accuracy. Real-time data acquisition enables the generation of intuitive auditory and haptic alerts via a buzzer and vibration motor, offering multimodal feedback based on proximity. The device was tested in real-world settings and iteratively improved through user feedback collected from visually impaired individuals at a local support institution in Barranquilla, Colombia. Results demonstrate a detection precision of under 5 cm within a 1-meter range and a high user acceptance rate, with 90\% of participants recommending the device. The system’s low-cost architecture (~USD 44) and Wi-Fi capability support future expansion, including mobile integration and cloud connectivity. This work contributes to Sustainable Development Goals 10 and 11 by promoting equitable access to mobility tools through affordable, contextually relevant assistive technology.

Track: 2. Sensors and systems for digital health, wellness, and athletics

NominateReviewer:

Cristian Y. Olivares
[e-mail]

Submission Number: 55