PASS-FC: Progressive and Adaptive Search Scheme for Fact Checking of Comprehensive Claims

ACL ARR 2025 February Submission4181 Authors

Abstract: Automated fact-checking faces challenges in handling complex real-world claims. We present PASS-FC, a novel framework that addresses these issues through claim augmentation, adaptive question generation, and iterative verification. PASS-FC enhances atomic claims with temporal and entity context, employs advanced search techniques, and utilizes a reflection mechanism. We evaluate PASS-FC on six diverse datasets, demonstrating superior performance across general knowledge, scientific, real-world, and multilingual fact-checking tasks. Our framework often surpasses stronger baseline models. Hyperparameter analysis reveals optimal settings for evidence quantity and reflection triggers, while ablation studies highlight the importance of claim augmentation and language-specific adaptations. PASS-FC's performance underscores its effectiveness in improving fact-checking accuracy and adaptability across various domains. We will open-source our code and experimental results to facilitate further research in this area.

Paper Type: Long

Research Area: NLP Applications

Research Area Keywords: Fact checking, Evaluation Methodologies; Metrics

Contribution Types: Model analysis & interpretability, NLP engineering experiment, Publicly available software and/or pre-trained models

Languages Studied: English, Spanish, Italian, Indonesian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish, Russian, Norwegian

Submission Number: 4181