Biometric template attacks and recent protection mechanisms: A survey

Sani M. Abdullahi, Shuifa Sun, Beng Wang, Ning Wei, Hong-Xia Wang

Abstract: Highlights•An in-depth discussion and analysis of biometric system attacks are provided.•The prerequisite knowledge required by the adversary to initiate these attacks is given.•Most recent state-of-the-art protection mechanisms against the attacks are covered.•Different countermeasures are also investigated and suggested.•The efficacy of the protection mechanisms is evaluated based on EER performance analysis.