Student-Informed Teacher Training

Nico Messikommer, Jiaxu Xing, Elie Aljalbout, Davide Scaramuzza

Keywords: Reinforcement Learning, Imitation Learning, Robotics

TL;DR: To address the teacher-student asymmetry in imitation learning, we propose a joint learning framework for both teacher and student, adapting the teacher to the capabilities of the student during training to enhance alignment.

Abstract: Imitation learning with a privileged teacher has proven effective for learning complex control behaviors from high-dimensional inputs, such as images. In this framework, a teacher is trained with privileged task information, while a student tries to predict the actions of the teacher with more limited observations, e.g., in a robot navigation task, the teacher might have access to distances to nearby obstacles, while the student only receives visual observations of the scene. However, privileged imitation learning faces a key challenge: the student might be unable to imitate the teacher's behavior due to partial observability. This problem arises because the teacher is trained without considering if the student is capable of imitating the learned behavior. To address this teacher-student asymmetry, we propose a framework for joint training of the teacher and student policies, encouraging the teacher to learn behaviors that can be imitated by the student despite the latters' limited access to information and its partial observability. Based on the performance bound in imitation learning, we add (i) the approximated action difference between teacher and student as a penalty term to the reward function of the teacher, and (ii) a supervised teacher-student alignment step. We motivate our method with a maze navigation task and demonstrate its effectiveness on complex vision-based quadrotor flight and manipulation tasks.

Primary Area: reinforcement learning

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Submission Number: 4246