Adapting Large Language Models for Document-Level Machine Translation
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Recent research indicates that moderately-sized LLMs often outperform larger ones after task-specific fine-tuning. This study focuses on adapting LLMs for document-level machine translation (DocMT) for specific language pairs. We first investigate the impact of prompt strategies on translation performance and then conduct extensive experiments using two fine-tuning methods, three LLM backbones, and 18 translation tasks across nine language pairs. Our results show that specialized models can sometimes surpass GPT-4 in translation performance but still face issues like off-target translation due to error propagation in decoding. We provide an in-depth analysis of these LLMs tailored for DocMT, examining translation errors, discourse phenomena, training strategies, the scaling law of parallel documents, recent test set evaluations, and zero-shot crosslingual transfer. Our findings highlight the strengths and limitations of LLM-based DocMT models and provide a foundation for future research.
Paper Type: Long
Research Area: Machine Translation
Research Area Keywords: machine translation, large language models
Contribution Types: NLP engineering experiment
Languages Studied: English, Arabic, German, French, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Dutch, Romanian, Chinese
Submission Number: 1113
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