A systematic review of machine learning-based tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes analysis in colorectal cancer: Overview of techniques, performance metrics, and clinical outcomes

Azar Kazemi, Ashkan Rasouli-Saravani, Masoumeh Gharib, Tomé Albuquerque, Saeid Eslami, Peter J. Schüffler

Abstract: Highlights•We present a review of the CRC TILs analysis by machine learning to bridge the gap that exists in the literature.•Deep learning techniques are promising in the domain.•Although there is disagreement in some studies, overall, a higher density of TILs is associated with favorable outcomes.•The TILs analysis domain faces challenges, including a lack of diverse and large datasets.•Further validation of promising models is needed by using large heterogeneous datasets.

External IDs:dblp:journals/cbm/KazemiRGAES24