Machine Learning Benchmark on Dynamic Functional Connectivity: Promise, Pitfalls, and Interpretations
Keywords: Brain Dynamics, Functional Connectivity, Machine Learning, Task Recognition, Disease Diagnosis
Abstract: An unprecedented amount of existing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data provides a new opportunity to understand the relationship between functional fluctuation and human cognition/behavior using a data-driven approach. To that end, tremendous efforts have been made in machine learning to predict cognitive states from evolving volumetric images of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals. Due to the complex nature of brain function, however, the evaluation on learning performance and discoveries are not often consistent across current state-of-the-arts (SOTA). By capitalizing on large-scale existing neuroimaging data (39,784 data samples from seven databases), we seek to establish a well-founded empirical guideline for designing deep models for functional neuroimages by linking the methodology underpinning with knowledge from the neuroscience domain. Specifically, we put the spotlight on (1) What is the current SOTA performance in cognitive task recognition and disease diagnosis using fMRI? (2) What are the limitations of current deep models? and (3) What is the general guideline for selecting the suitable machine learning backbone for new neuroimaging applications?
We have conducted a comprehensive evaluation and statistical analysis, in various settings, to answer the above outstanding questions. In addition, we explore a novel attention learning mechanism to provide meaningful spatial pattern of brain activation that is associated with various cognitive tasks and neurological conditions.
Primary Area: datasets and benchmarks
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Submission Number: 7506
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