Mutual Effort for Efficiency: A Similarity-based Token Pruning for Vision Transformers in Self-Supervised Learning

Sheng Li, Qitao Tan, Yue Dai, Zhenglun Kong, Tianyu Wang, Jun Liu, Ao Li, Ninghao Liu, Yufei Ding, Xulong Tang, Geng Yuan

Keywords: Efficient Self-Supervised Learning, Vision Transformer, Token Pruning

Abstract:

Self-supervised learning (SSL) offers a compelling solution to the challenge of extensive labeled data requirements in traditional supervised learning.
With the proven success of Vision Transformers (ViTs) in supervised tasks, there is increasing interest in adapting them for SSL frameworks. However, the high computational demands of SSL pose substantial challenges, particularly on resource-limited platforms like edge devices, despite its ability to achieve high accuracy without labeled data.
Recent studies in supervised learning have shown that token pruning can reduce training costs by removing less informative tokens without compromising accuracy. However, SSL’s dual-branch encoders make traditional single-branch pruning strategies less effective, as they fail to account for the critical cross-branch similarity information, leading to reduced accuracy in SSL.
To this end, we introduce SimPrune, a novel token pruning strategy designed for ViTs in SSL. SimPrune leverages cross-branch similarity information to efficiently prune tokens, retaining essential semantic information across dual branches. Additionally, we incorporate a difficulty-aware pruning strategy to further enhance SimPrune's effectiveness.
Experimental results show that our proposed approach effectively reduces training computation while maintaining accuracy. Specifically, our approach offers 24\% savings in training costs compared to SSL baseline, without sacrificing accuracy.

Primary Area: unsupervised, self-supervised, semi-supervised, and supervised representation learning

Code Of Ethics: I acknowledge that I and all co-authors of this work have read and commit to adhering to the ICLR Code of Ethics.

Submission Guidelines: I certify that this submission complies with the submission instructions as described on https://iclr.cc/Conferences/2025/AuthorGuide.

Anonymous Url: I certify that there is no URL (e.g., github page) that could be used to find authors’ identity.

No Acknowledgement Section: I certify that there is no acknowledgement section in this submission for double blind review.

Submission Number: 8142