Evaluating Machine Learning-Driven Intrusion Detection Systems in IoT: Performance and Energy Consumption

Saeid Jamshidi, Kawser Wazed Nafi, Amin Nikanjam, Foutse Khomh

Abstract: In the evolving landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML)-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) represent a significant advancement, especially when integrated with Software-Defined Networking (SDN). These systems play a critical role in enhancing security infrastructure within resource-constrained IoT systems. Despite their growing adoption, limited research has explored the impact of ML-based IDS on key performance metrics, such as CPU load, CPU usage, and energy consumption, particularly under real-time cyber threats. This study bridges that gap through an empirical evaluation of cutting-edge ML-based IDSs deployed at the edge of IoT networks under both benign and attack scenarios. Additionally, we investigate how SDN's centralized control and dynamic resource management influence IDS performance. Our experimental framework compares traditional ML-based IDS with deep learning (DL)-based counterparts, both with and without SDN integration. Results reveal that edge-deployed ML-based IDSs significantly impact system performance during cyber threats, with marked increases in resource consumption. SDN integration further influences these outcomes, emphasizing the need for optimized architectural design. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirms the significance of our findings. This research provides critical insights into the performance and trade-offs of deploying ML-based IDSs in edge-based IoT systems.