Quantitative assessment of inter-frame prediction in versatile video coding standard

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Marta Loose, Ramiro Viana, Gustavo Sanchez, Guilherme Corrêa, Luciano Agostini

Published: 03 Feb 2026, Last Modified: 27 Feb 2026Multimedia Tools and ApplicationsEveryoneRevisionsCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is the latest video coding standard established by ISO and ITU-T, boasting a doubled coding efficiency compared to previous standards. However, this substantial enhancement in coding efficiency comes at the cost of an increase in computational demands, posing challenges for practical implementations. This paper conducts a thorough and quantitative assessment of VVC inter-frame prediction, the most computationally intensive tool in the VVC encoder. A comprehensive set of experiments on inter-frame prediction is presented, with a detailed evaluation of the primary bottlenecks of this tool. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first in the literature to offer this in-depth assessment of VVC inter-frame prediction.