Temporal Abstractions-Augmented Temporally Contrastive Learning: An Alternative to the Laplacian in RL

Akram Erraqabi, Marlos C. Machado, Mingde Zhao, Sainbayar Sukhbaatar, Alessandro Lazaric, Ludovic Denoyer, Yoshua Bengio

Keywords: Graph Laplacian, Unsupervised RL, Task-Agnostic Representation, skill discovery

TL;DR: An alternative to the Laplacian representation without the uniform prior privilege.

Abstract: In reinforcement learning, the graph Laplacian has proved to be a valuable tool in the task-agnostic setting, with applications ranging from skill discovery to reward shaping. Recently, learning the Laplacian representation has been framed as the optimization of a temporally-contrastive objective to overcome its computational limitations in large (or continuous) state spaces. However, this approach requires uniform access to all states in the state space, overlooking the exploration problem that emerges during the representation learning process. In this work, we propose an alternative method that is able to recover, in a non-uniform-prior setting, the expressiveness and the desired properties of the Laplacian representation. We do so by combining the representation learning with a skill-based covering policy, which provides a better training distribution to extend and refine the representation. We also show that a simple augmentation of the representation objective with the learned temporal abstractions improves dynamics-awareness and helps exploration. We find that our method succeeds as an alternative to the Laplacian in the non-uniform setting and scales to challenging continuous control environments. Finally, even if our method is not optimized for skill discovery, the learned skills can successfully solve difficult continuous navigation tasks with sparse rewards, where standard skill discovery approaches are no so effective.