Automatic landmark annotation in 3D surface scans of skulls: Methodological proposal and reliability study

Enrique Bermejo Nievas, Kei Taniguchi, Yoshinori Ogawa, Rubén Martos, Andrea Valsecchi, Pablo Mesejo, Óscar Ibáñez, Kazuhiko Imaizumi

Abstract: Highlights•Automatic approach for the annotation of standardized craniometric landmarks.•Hybrid method: template-based initialization and knowledge-based refinement of landmark coordinates.•Reliability study for 58 landmarks over 30 surface scans of male adult skulls.•Inter and intra-observer analysis performed by three experts shows high variability.•Performance of the automatic method is comparable to manual landmarking.