Spatial-Spectral Dual Back-Projection Network for Pansharpening

Kai Zhang, Anfei Wang, Feng Zhang, Wenbo Wan, Jiande Sun, Lorenzo Bruzzone

Abstract: Deep unfolding networks have obtained satisfactory performance in the pansharpening task owing to their sufficient interpretability. Inspired by the back-projection (BP) mechanism, we propose a BP-driven model, spatial-spectral dual back-project network ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{S}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> DBPN), to fuse the low spatial resolution multispectral (LR MS) and the high spatial resolution panchromatic (PAN) images by exploiting the BP in spatial and spectral domains. Specifically, the proposed <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{S}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> DBPN is made up of a spatial BP network, a spectral BP network, and a reconstruction network. In the spatial BP network, spatial down- and up-projection modules are derived from BP, which is responsible for the projection of the LR MS image into the spatial domain. By analogy with the spatial BP, we reformulate the degradation between high spatial resolution multispectral (HR MS) and PAN images as spectral down- and up-projections. Then, the spectral BP network is constructed for the projection of the PAN image along the channel dimension. Finally, the features from spatial and spectral BP networks are integrated to produce the desired HR MS image through the reconstruction network. Compared to the state-of-the-art methods, extensive experiments on QuickBird, GeoEye-1, and WorldView-2 datasets demonstrate that our <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{S}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> DBPN produces better HR MS images in terms of qualitative and quantitative evaluation metrics. The code of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{S}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> DBPN is released at: <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/RSMagneto/S2DBPN</uri> .