Multimodal stress assessment: Connecting task-related changes in self-reported stress, salivary biomarkers, heart rate, and facial expressions in the context of the stress response to the Trier Social Stress Test

Veronika Ringgold, Felicitas Burkhardt, Luca Abel, Miriam Kurz, Victoria Müller, Robert Richer, Bjoern M. Eskofier, Grant S. Shields, Nicolas Rohleder

Abstract: Highlights•Stress Elevates Physiological and Psychological Markers.•Facial Expressions Do Not Clearly Reflect Common Emotions Under Stress.•Facial Muscle Movements are not Clearly Associated with Stress Indicators.•Multimodal Assessment Reveals Complexity in Stress Responses.

External IDs:doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107560