A hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm with high robustness for the multiple traveling salesman problem with multiple depots

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Minghao Tong, Zhenhua Peng, Qin Wang

Published: 2025, Last Modified: 20 May 2025Expert Syst. Appl. 2025EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Highlights•A hybrid algorithm AC-ABC is proposed to solve the MTSP with multiple depots.•AC-ABC has strong robustness since the quality of the solution is less affected by the initial value.•AC-ABC algorithm has good performance in terms of the best travel cost and the execution time.•A tensor representation of solutions is proposed to provide multiple route choices for the MTSP.