Advances in medical image analysis with vision Transformers: A comprehensive review

Reza Azad, Amirhossein Kazerouni, Moein Heidari, Ehsan Khodapanah Aghdam, Amirali Molaei, Yiwei Jia, Abin Jose, Rijo Roy, Dorit Merhof

Abstract: Highlights•Our survey covers 200+ papers, thoroughly examining Transformers in medical imaging, and comparing state-of-the-art methods.•We assess method pros and cons, considering design and experiments, and categorize papers by application, modality, organ, and training.•We highlight challenges, open questions, and emerging trends in Vision Transformers for medical imaging’s future.