New directions for artificial intelligence: human, machine, biological, and quantum intelligence

Li Weigang, Liriam Michi Enamoto

Abstract:

This comment reviews the “once learning” mechanism (OLM) that was proposed by Weigang (1998),
the subsequent success of “one-shot learning” in object categories (Li FF et al., 2003), and “you only
look once” (YOLO) in objective detection (Redmon
et al., 2016). Upon analyzing the current state of
research in artificial intelligence (AI), we propose
to divide AI into the following basic theory categories: artificial human intelligence (AHI), artificial
machine intelligence (AMI), artificial biological intelligence (ABI), and artificial quantum intelligence
(AQI). These can also be considered as the main directions of research and development (R&D) within
AI, and distinguished by the following classification standards and methods: (1) human-, machine-,
biological-, and quantum-oriented AI R&D; (2) information input processed by dimensionality increase
or reduction; (3) the use of one/a few or a large number of samples for knowledge learning.