A LEO Satellite Routing Method Based on Incremental Evolutionary Graph Reinforcement Learning

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Zheheng Rao, Zhenyu Zhu, Wei Yang Bryan Lim, Ye Yao, Yanyan Xu, Manabu Tsukada, Yanyu Cheng

Published: 2025, Last Modified: 06 Nov 2025ICC 2025EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: With the advent of sixth-generation (6G) technologies and growing communication demands, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks have become essential in modern communications. However, due to the dynamic topology and complex network state of LEO environments, existing routing methods often fail to make effective decisions, limiting transmission performance. This paper proposes a LEO satellite routing method based on incremental evolutionary graph reinforcement learning (IEGRL). To address network state perception challenges, we introduce a topological learning model using deep graph attention (DGA), which captures complex inter-satellite connectivity and resource states. Additionally, by integrating incremental evolution strategies (IES) into deep reinforcement learning (DRL), we replace sequential interactive proximal policy optimization (PPO) with global parallel ES, achieving efficient routing convergence in the highly dynamic LEO environment. Experimental results demonstrate that our IEGRL approach enhances LEO network load balancing by reducing end-to-end (E2E) network latency, decreasing packet loss, and improving throughput compared with the benchmark approaches.