STM-GAIL: Spatial-Temporal Meta-GAIL for Learning Diverse Human Driving Strategies

Yingxue Zhang, Yanhua Li, Xun Zhou, Ziming Zhang, Jun Luo

Abstract: With large amounts of human-generated spatial-temporal urban data (e.g., GPS trajectories of vehicles, passengers’ trip data on buses and trains, etc.), human urban strategy analysis has become an important problem in many urban scenarios. This problem is hard to solve due to two major challenges: (1) data scarcity (i.e., each human agent can only provide limited observations) and (2) data heterogeneity (i.e., having mixed observations from many different human agents). Most of the existing works on this problem usually require a large amount of historical observations aiming to correctly infer a human agent's urban strategy and thus fail to properly address both challenges at the same time. To solve the human urban strategy analysis problem in case of data scarcity and data heterogeneity, we design a novel learning paradigm — Spatial-Temporal Meta-GAIL (STM-GAIL), which can successfully learn diverse human urban strategies from heterogeneous human-generated spatial-temporal urban data. STM-GAIL models the human decision processes as variable length Markov decision processes (VLMDPs) and incorporates the surrounding spatial feature patterns (e.g., traffic volume patterns, etc.) into states to better capture the spatial-temporal dependencies of human decisions. Besides, STM-GAIL learns diverse human urban strategies from the meta-learning perspective, and can distinguish various human urban strategies by adding an inference network on top of the standard GAIL. STM- GAIL can be quickly adapted to a new human expert's urban strategy with a single trajectory. Extensive experiments on real-world human-generated spatial-temporal dataset are performed.