Go to DBLP homepageBlockchain for Internet of Things
Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) technology is digitizing the physical world by connecting enormous and heterogeneous devices and unleashing great economic benefit. However, data privacy, security and trust issues in current solutions are seriously limiting the adoption of IoT applications. Blockchain, a decentralized and tamperresistant ledger, maintains consistent and immutable blocks of data at different servers and has the potential to tackle the security concerns in IoT applications. Inherent features in IoT, such as the massive IoT devices, heterogeneous IoT networks, limited battery, low computing power and communication bandwidth, make it hard to directly adopt blockchain technology in IoT application. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey on existing blockchain and IoT technologies and emphasizes on the challenges and limitation. Current studies, projects and designs on Blockchain-IoT systems are introduced and compared to illustrate the feasibility of the integration of blockchain and IoT. Blockchain technologies that can potentially address the critical challenges in IoT applications and suit the features of the same are identified with potential adaptations and enhancements elaborated on blockchain data structures, key blockchain technologies and consensus protocols. Future research directions of blockchain are collated for effective adoption in IoT applications. Chapter Contents: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Limitations of IoT security 5.2.1 Characteristics of IoT 5.2.2 Security analysis on IoT 5.2.2.1 Attacks to end devices 5.2.2.2 Attacks to communication channels 5.2.2.3 Attacks to network protocols 5.2.2.4 Attacks to sensory data 5.2.2.5 Denial-of-service (DoS) attack 5.2.2.6 Software attacks 5.3 Existing blockchain technologies 5.3.1 General data structure 5.3.2 Byzantine Generals' Problem and consensus protocol 5.3.3 Security analysis on blockchain 5.4 Blockchain for IoT: applications 5.4.1 Blockchain platforms for IoT 5.4.2 Blockchain-based industrial IoT projects 5.4.3 Blockchain-based academic IoT designs 5.4.4 The structure of blockchain-based IoT applications 5.4.4.1 IoT-involved blockchain 5.4.4.2 Blockchain as a service for IoT 5.4.4.3 Blockchain-based IoT-edge computing 5.4.4.4 Comparison 5.4.5 Challenges of applying blockchain in IoT applications 5.4.6 Potential blockchain designs in IoT applications 5.4.6.1 Format of transactions 5.4.6.2 Incentive and token 5.4.6.3 Off-chain payment 5.4.6.4 Smart contract 5.4.7 Security discussions on blockchain-based IoT applications 5.4.7.1 Privacy 5.4.7.2 Identity and device management 5.4.7.3 Access control 5.5 Blockchain for IoT: technologies 5.5.1 The principle of unit data validation 5.5.1.1 Proof-of-work 5.5.1.2 Proof-of-transfer 5.5.1.3 Practical Byzantine fault tolerance 5.5.1.4 Variability of PBFT 5.5.2 The structure of unit data 5.5.2.1 Chained blocks 5.5.2.2 Directed acyclic graph 5.5.2.3 Greedy Heaviest-Observed Sub-Tree 5.5.2.4 Mix structure 5.5.3 Comparison of blockchain for IoT application 5.6 Future research directions 5.6.1 Hierarchical chains 5.6.2 Sharding 5.6.3 Side chain 5.6.4 IoT-specific consensus 5.6.5 Simplified payment verification 5.6.6 Editable blockchain 5.7 Conclusion References Inspec keywords: Internet of Things; cryptographic protocols; data privacy Other keywords: blockchain data structures; consensus protocols; security; blockchain-IoT systems; Internet of Things technology; heterogeneous IoT networks; trust issues Subjects: Protocols; Data security; Cryptography; Mobile, ubiquitous and pervasive computing Book DOI: 10.1049/PBPC029E Chapter DOI: 10.1049/PBPC029E_ch5 ISBN: 9781785618734 e-ISBN: 9781785618741 Preview this chapter: Blockchain for Internet of Things, Page 1 of 2 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/books/pc/pbpc029e/PBPC029E_ch5-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/books/pc/pbpc029e/PBPC029E_ch5-2.gif
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