Synergizing machine learning & symbolic methods: A survey on hybrid approaches to natural language processing

Rrubaa Panchendrarajan, Arkaitz Zubiaga

Abstract: Highlights•Review of hybridization of machine learning and symbolic methods for NLP.•Taxonomy of NLP tasks with substantial use of hybrid approaches.•Overview of state-of-the-art hybrid approaches for NLU, NLG, and NLR tasks.•Open challenges and future directions of Hybrid NLP.