Comprehensive review of deep learning in orthopaedics: Applications, challenges, trustworthiness, and fusion

Laith Alzubaidi, Khamael Al-Dulaimi, Asma Salhi, Zaenab Alammar, Mohammed A. Fadhel, Ahmed Shihab Albahri, Abdullah Hussein Alamoodi, Osamah Shihab Albahri, Amjad F. Hasan, Jinshuai Bai, Luke Gilliland, Jing Peng, Marco Branni, Tristan Shuker, Kenneth Cutbush, José Santamaría, Catarina Moreira, Chun Ouyang, Ye Duan, Mohamed Manoufali et al. (4 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Highlights•A comprehensive review of Deep Learning (DL) in orthopaedics.•The use of DL in orthopaedic applications.•The main challenges and solutions in applying DL to orthopaedics.•Trustworthy Requirements for DL in orthopaedics.•Data fusion in orthopaedics.