Topological-Aware Regularization for Semi-Supervised Intracranial Aneurysm Vessel Segmentation

Feiyang Xiao, Yichi Zhang, Xigui Li, Yuanye Zhou, Chen Jiang, Xin Guo, LIMEI HAN, Yuxin Li, Fengping Zhu, Yuan Cheng

Keywords: Intracranial Aneurysm Segmentation, Semi-Supervised Learning, Topological-Aware Regularization

Abstract:

Accurate segmentation of intracranial aneurysm and their parent vessels (IA-Vessel) from magnetic resonance angiography is a critical prerequisite for computational fluid dynamics-based rupture risk assessment. While deep learning methods can automate this laborious task, they are hindered by the high cost and scarcity of expert annotations.
Most existing semi-supervised methods focus on enforcing regional constraints while largely ignoring topological constraints, which is insensitive to subtle but critical errors like vessel adhesion or surface irregularities, which are often unsuitable for downstream applications.
To address this gap, we introduce topological-aware regularization (TAR) for by incorporating the learning of local vascular topology to ensure the precise and geometrically correct segmentation of the IA-Vessel complex using only a small amount of labeled data. Experimental results on a multi-center MRA dataset show that our framework efficiently utilizes unlabeled data and outperforms state-of-the-art semi-supervised segmentation methods.
Instead of being restricted to a fixed framework, TAR is a plug-and-play strategy that can be seamlessly integrated into various semi-supervised frameworks to further boost their performance. Code is available at https://github.com/AbsoluteResonance/TAR.

Primary Subject Area: Learning with Noisy Labels and Limited Data

Secondary Subject Area: Learning with Noisy Labels and Limited Data

Registration Requirement: Yes

Visa & Travel: Yes

Read CFP & Author Instructions: Yes

Originality Policy: Yes

Single-blind & Not Under Review Elsewhere: Yes

LLM Policy: Yes

Midl Latex Submission Checklist: Ensure no LaTeX errors during compilation., Replace NNN with your OpenReview submission ID., Includes \documentclass{midl}, \jmlryear{2026}, \jmlrworkshop, \jmlrvolume, \editors, and correct \bibliography command., Did not override options of the hyperref package., Did not use the times package., Use the correct spelling and format, avoid Unicode characters, and use LaTeX equivalents instead., Any math in the title and abstract must be enclosed within $...$., Did not override the bibliography style defined in midl.cls and did not use \begin{thebibliography} directly to insert references., Avoid using \scalebox; use \resizebox when needed., Included all necessary figures and removed *unused* files in the zip archive., Removed special formatting, visual annotations, and highlights used during rebuttal., All special characters in the paper and .bib file use LaTeX commands (e.g., \'e for é)., No separate supplementary PDF uploads., Acknowledgements, references, and appendix must start after the main content.

Submission Number: 51