Abstract: How hard is it to systematically identify and disambiguate place names in scientific text? In order to address this question, we applied MapAffil, a toponymic search interface, on a random sample of 500 place name sentences from PubMed abstracts.The algorithm correctly identified and disambiguated 39.2% of the place names in sentences. An error analysis revealed six unique challenges: Biological terms (14.2%), Method terms (11.6%), Acronyms (10%),
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