Abstract: Highlights•This paper introduces HVQ-VAE enhancing traditional VQ-VAE with geometric priors.•The encoder of HVQ-VAE can learn the inherent hierarchical structures from the data.•Demonstrates superior image reconstruction and learning efficiency.•HVQ-VAE’s geometric prior leads to higher codebook usage, faster convergence, and improved performance.•HVQ-VAE employs Riemannian optimization to update the codebook within hyperbolic space.
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