Analysis of Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms in Noisy Channels for Classification Tasks in the IoT Extreme Environment

Sritam Kumar Satpathy, Vallabh Vibhu, Bikash K. Behera, Saif Al-Kuwari, Shahid Mumtaz, Ahmed Farouk

Abstract: By 2050, there will be a 50% rise in energy demand, and existing natural and renewable resources will be under extreme scrutiny. Optimizing current power generation and transmission to reduce energy consumption, cost, and other factors is equally vital to upgrading methods for effectively harvesting renewable energy. However, it gets more challenging for conventional computers to perform optimization as the number of factors affecting power generation and transmission rises. Extreme environmental cases will consequently lead to the imperfect functioning of Internet of Things (IoT) systems. By utilizing quantum-mechanical properties, such as superposition and entanglement, quantum computers can computationally outperform classical computers while consuming much less energy. In this article, we investigate various quantum machine learning algorithms on two data sets (TWTDUS and SDWTT18) related to IoT extreme environment and study the effect of a noisy quantum environment. We observe that for the TWTDUS data set, the variational $UU^{\dagger }$ with analytical clustering methods achieves the highest accuracy of 98.10%. Similarly, for the SDWTT18 data set, the $UU^{\dagger }$ method with $k$ -means clustering achieves an accuracy of 94.43%. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed quantum algorithms outperforms the existing classical methods and can be utilized to forecast output power generation daily by measuring the metrics required in energy sector decision-making situations. This will be useful to save energy and costs in an IoT-extreme environment, where energy organizations must decide instantly whether to start or stop generating units.