Graph neural networks with flow conservation constraints for real-time origin-destination matrix completion

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Zhongyue Zhang, Jing Yang, Xiaoxu Chen, Yuankai Wu

Published: 2026, Last Modified: 04 Nov 2025Pattern Recognit. 2026EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Highlights•We present a novel framework to tackle real-time OD matrix incompleteness.•Our GNN-based model reconstructs complete OD matrices by integrating historical data.•We incorporate origin flow constraints to refine model outputs and enhance estimation accuracy.•The OD matrix inferred by our model improves real-time OD forecasting.