Analyzing heterogeneity in Alzheimer disease using multimodal normative modeling on imaging‐based ATN biomarkers

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Sayantan Kumar, Tom Earnest, Braden Yang, Deydeep Kothapalli, Andrew J. Aschenbrenner, Jason Hassenstab, Chengie Xiong, Beau Ances, John Morris, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Brian A. Gordon, Philip Payne, Aristeidis Sotiras

Published: 01 Apr 2025, Last Modified: 26 Nov 2025Alzheimer's & DementiaEveryoneRevisionsCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Previous studies have applied normative modeling on a single neuroimaging modality to investigate Alzheimer disease (AD) heterogeneity. We employed a deep learning-based multimodal normative framework to analyze individual-level variation across ATN (amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration) imaging biomarkers.