Abstract: Highlights•A blockchain-based protocol enables decentralized and efficient energy trading.•Decentralized oracle networks securely connect blockchain with off-chain data.•Zero-Knowledge Proofs verify energy data without exposing sensitive information.•Leveraging Zero-Knowledge Proofs ensures compliance with privacy regulations.•Smart contracts, DApps, and stablecoins automate secure and stable trading.•Layer 2 Ethereum networks enhance scalability and reduce transaction costs.