Evaluation of MRI-based machine learning approaches for computer-aided diagnosis of dementia in a clinical data warehouse

Simona Bottani, Ninon Burgos, Aurélien Maire, Dario Saracino, Sebastian Ströer, Didier Dormont, Olivier Colliot

Abstract: Highlights•We studied ML-based detection of dementia using brain MRI clinical routine data.•We studied patients from a clinical data warehouse identified with ICD-10 codes.•We uncovered shortcut learning (performance driven by irrelevant characteristics).•Performance was considerably lower on real-life data compared with research data.•Our work demonstrates the difficulty of translating algorithms to clinical routine.