Abstract: In this paper, we introduce an inventory of language means that express the semantic
feature of mutuality in Czech verbal constructions. Based on the results of recent typological surveys,
we distinguish between lexical and grammatical means. The lexical means include a limited group of
inherently reciprocal verbs with the feature of mutuality in their lexical meaning. The grammatical
means involved in the syntactic operation of reciprocalization are primarily used by a large group of
verbs to which we refer as syntactic reciprocal verbs; these means involve (i) the reflexive personal
pronoun se/sebe, si/sobě, sebou, (ii) the expression jeden – druhý ‘each other’, and (iii) adverbials.
While the use of the grammatical means is obligatory for expressing mutuality with syntactic reciprocal
verbs, it is often only optional for inherently reciprocal verbs. We thoroughly describe various
functions that these language means have in encoding mutuality in Czech.
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