Weighted error-output recurrent Xavier echo state network for concept drift handling in water level prediction

Zongying Liu, Wenru Zhang, Mingyang Pan, Chu Kiong Loo, Kitsuchart Pasupa

Abstract: Highlights•Novel weight selection method enhances stability and accuracy.•Modified EDDM and AFF tackle concept drift, improving adaptability and training speed.•Unique error-output algorithm mitigates error accumulation in multi-step prediction.•Outperforms in long-term water level prediction, showcasing practicality.