Hadamard Representations: Augmenting Hyperbolic Tangents in RL

Jacob Eeuwe Kooi, Mark Hoogendoorn, Vincent Francois-Lavet

Abstract: Activation functions are one of the key components of a deep neural network. The most commonly used activation functions can be classed into the category of continuously differentiable (e.g. tanh) and piece-wise linear functions (e.g. ReLU), both having their own strengths and drawbacks with respect to downstream performance and representation capacity through learning. In reinforcement learning, the performance of continuously differentiable activations often falls short as compared to piece-wise linear functions. We show that the dying neuron problem in RL is not exclusive to ReLUs and actually leads to additional problems in the case of continuously differentiable activations such as tanh. To alleviate the dying neuron problem with these activations, we propose a Hadamard representation that unlocks the advantages of continuously differentiable activations. Using DQN, PPO and PQN in the Atari domain, we show faster learning, a reduction in dead neurons and increased effective rank.

Primary Area: Reinforcement Learning->Deep RL

Keywords: Representation Learning, Reinforcement Learning, Hadamard, Latent Representation

Submission Number: 3759