ML-driven design of 3’ untranslated regions for mRNA stability

Alyssa Kramer Morrow, Elise Duboscq Flynn, Emily Hoelzli, Ashley Thornal, Meimei Shan, Aniketh Janardhan Reddy, Gorkem Garipler, Rory Kirchner, Sophia Tabchouri, Ankit Gupta, Jean-Baptiste Michel, Uri Laserson

Keywords: 3' untranslated region, mRNA design, ML driven design, synthetic biology, mRNA therapeutics

TL;DR: in vitro and in vivo validated ML designed 3' UTRs

Abstract: Using mRNA as a therapeutic has received enormous attention in the last few years, but instability of the molecule remains a hurdle to achieving long-lasting therapeutic levels of protein expression. In this study, we describe our approach to designing stable mRNA molecules by combining machine learning-driven sequence design with high-throughput experimental assays. We developed a high-throughput massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) that, in a single experiment, measures the half-life of tens of thousands of unique mRNA sequences containing designed 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs) that affect mRNA stability. Over multiple design-build-test iterations, we have accumulated mRNA stability measurements for 180,000 unique genomic and synthetic 3' UTRs, representing the largest such dataset of sequences. We trained highly-accurate machine learning models to map from 3’ UTR sequence to mRNA stability, and combined them with various ML design algorithms to guide the design of synthetic 3’ UTRs that increase mRNA stability in cell lines. Finally, we validated the function of several ML-designed 3’ UTRs in in vivo mouse models, resulting in up to 2-fold more protein production over time and 30–100-fold higher protein output at later time points compared to a commonly used benchmark. These results highlight the potential of ML-driven sequence design for mRNA therapeutics.

Submission Number: 79