Imbalanced ensemble learning leveraging a novel data-level diversity metric

Published: 2025, Last Modified: 22 Jan 2026Pattern Recognit. 2025EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Highlights•A data-level diversity measure IED to evaluate diversity without model training.•A new imbalanced ensemble learning model based on data-level diversity IED.•A new weight-adaptive voting strategy for ensemble learning.•Strong positive correlation between IED and classifier-based metrics.•Significant reduction on training time and improvement on learning performance.
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