Abstract: Highlights•Time Signal at Red (TSAR) provides a novel way to conceptualise rail performance.•TSAR uses signal, train and timetable data to analyze and diagnose the causes of reactionary delay.•The paper formalises TSAR and underpinning equations, and shows how different data sets can be brought together in a data pipeline to generate TSAR.•A worked case study shows the component and diagnostic capabilities of TSAR, and how aspect data is used to enhance TSAR.
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