The Limits to Gossip: Second-Order Shared Knowledge of All Secrets is Unsatisfiable

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Hans van Ditmarsch, Malvin Gattinger

Published: 2022, Last Modified: 11 Mar 2026WoLLIC 2022EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: It is known that without synchronization via a global clock one cannot obtain common knowledge by communication. Moreover, it is folklore that without exchanging higher-level information arbitrary higher-level shared knowledge cannot be achieved.