Smartphone-Based Real-Time Respiration Tracking with Dual-Sided Inkjet-Printed Wearable Electrodes

Ucchwas Talukder Utsha, Mahfuzur Rahman, Bashir I. Morshed

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Keywords: ECG-derived respiration (EDR), Inkjet Printing (IJP), Mobile Health, Respiratory Monitoring, Wearable Sensors

TL;DR: Our paper presents a novel wearable system that uses dual-sided inkjet-printed electrodes and a smartphone app to provide accurate, real-time respiratory monitoring.

Abstract: This paper introduces a novel wearable solution for continuous respiratory monitoring through electrocardiogram-derived respiration (EDR) using custom-designed, dual-sided grid-patterned inkjet-printed (IJP) flexible dry electrodes and real-time smartphone-based analysis. The proposed electrode design reduces silver ink usage while maintaining signal quality and wearer comfort. We first compared ECG signal quality across gel, one-sided, and two-sided grid-patterned electrodes. Our mobile application, CardioHelp, processes ECG signals in real time to extract respiratory waveforms and continuously updates the respiration rate. EDR performance was validated against a commercial respiration belt across four activity conditions in five healthy adults. Bland–Altman and statistical analyses revealed minimal bias (mean difference $<$0.5 bpm), MAE$\leq$0.36 bpm, and RMSE$\leq$0.38 bpm. These results confirm robust and reliable performance. This integrated solution provides an affordable and practical approach to continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring in everyday life.

Track: 1. Digital Health Solutions (i.e. sensors and algorithms) for diagnosis, progress, and self-management

NominateReviewer: Bashir I. Morshed, [e-mail]

Submission Number: 91