Osteoporosis screening: Leveraging EfficientNet with complete and cropped facial panoramic radiography imaging

Bruno Scholles Soares Dias, Raíza S. Oliveira, Paulo Tadeu de Souza Figueiredo, André Ferreira Leite, Nilce Santos Melo, Lucas Rodrigues Costa, Marcos Fagundes Caetano, Mylène C. Q. Farias

Abstract: Highlights•Study presents an osteoporosis screening method using AI in face panoramic radiographs.•Grad-CAM showed the mandibular edge’s importance, even with the full-image method.•With DXA as reference, CNNs outperform dentists in most metrics, rival radiologists.•The dataset supported our study and filled a vital gap in the field.•Transparent methodology, unlike prior studies, with publicly shared codes.