BrainODE: Dynamic Brain Signal Analysis via Graph-Aided Neural Ordinary Differential Equations

Kaiqiao Han, Yi Yang, Zijie Huang, Xuan Kan, Ying Guo, Yang Yang, Lifang He, Liang Zhan, Yizhou Sun, Wei Wang, Carl Yang

Keywords: Neural ODEs, Brain signal analysis, Graph neural networks

Abstract: Brain network analysis is vital for understanding the neural interactions regarding brain structures and functions, and identifying potential biomarkers for clinical phenotypes. However, widely used brain signals such as Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) time series generated from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) often manifest three challenges: (1) missing values, (2) irregular samples, and (3) sampling misalignment, due to instrumental limitations, impacting downstream brain network analysis and clinical outcome predictions. In this work, we propose a novel model called BrainODE to achieve continuous modeling of dynamic brain signals using Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). By learning latent initial values and neural ODE functions from irregular time series, BrainODE effectively reconstructs brain signals at any time point, mitigating the aforementioned three data challenges of brain signals altogether. Comprehensive experimental results on real-world neuroimaging datasets demonstrate the superior performance of BrainODE and its capability of addressing the three data challenges.

Track: 5. Biomedical generative AI

Registration Id: 87NWBZ4LMHL

Submission Number: 68