SparseSSM: Efficient Selective Structured State Space Models Can Be Pruned in One-Shot

Kaiwen Tuo, Huan Wang

Keywords: Neural network pruning, Mamba, Hessian-based pruning

TL;DR: We introduce an OBS–based pruning methodology tailored to SSM-based architectures such as Mamba, effectively reducing redundancy while preserving model performance.

Abstract: State-space language models such as Mamba match Transformer quality while permitting linear complexity inference, yet still comprise billions of parameters that hinder deployment. Existing one-shot pruning methods are tailored to attention blocks and fail to account for the time-shared and discretized state-transition matrix at the heart of the selective state-space module (SSM). In this paper, we introduce SparseSSM, the first training-free pruning framework that extends the classic optimal brain surgeon (OBS) framework to state space architectures. Our layer-wise algorithm (i) derives an approximate second-order saliency score that aggregates Hessian-trace information across time steps, (ii) incorporates a component sensitivity analysis to guide feed-forward network (FFN) pruning, which also sheds light on where redundancy resides in mamba architecture, (iii) can be easily extended to semi-structured and structured sparsity. Empirically, we prune 50% of SSM weights without fine-tuning and observe no zero-shot accuracy loss, achieving the current state-of-the-art pruning algorithm for Mamba-based LLMs.

Primary Area: foundation or frontier models, including LLMs

Submission Number: 1381