Incremental False Negative Detection for Contrastive Learning

Tsai-Shien Chen, Wei-Chih Hung, Hung-Yu Tseng, Shao-Yi Chien, Ming-Hsuan Yang

Keywords: Self-supervised learning, Contrastive learning, Representation learning, Clustering-based learning

Abstract: Self-supervised learning has recently shown great potential in vision tasks through contrastive learning, which aims to discriminate each image, or instance, in the dataset. However, such instance-level learning ignores the semantic relationship among instances and sometimes undesirably repels the anchor from the semantically similar samples, termed as "false negatives". In this work, we show that the unfavorable effect from false negatives is more significant for the large-scale datasets with more semantic concepts. To address the issue, we propose a novel self-supervised contrastive learning framework that incrementally detects and explicitly removes the false negative samples. Specifically, following the training process, our method dynamically detects increasing high-quality false negatives considering that the encoder gradually improves and the embedding space becomes more semantically structural. Next, we discuss two strategies to explicitly remove the detected false negatives during contrastive learning. Extensive experiments show that our framework outperforms other self-supervised contrastive learning methods on multiple benchmarks in a limited resource setup.

One-sentence Summary: This paper explores the effect of false negative samples in self-supervised contrastive learning and introduce a framework to incrementally detect and explicitly remove the false negatives.

Community Implementations: [ 2 code implementations](https://www.catalyzex.com/paper/arxiv:2106.03719/code)