Thyroid Nodule Diagnosis Using a New Supervised Autoencoder Neural Network with ℓProjection

Published: 2023, Last Modified: 08 Dec 2025CIBB 2023EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Thyroid nodules are more and more widespread, with the frequency of thyroid cancers increasing accordingly. In routine practice, the clinician’s goal is to determine if a nodule is malignant or suspicious, and thus requires surgery. However, nearly one-third of thyroid nodules fall into the ‘indeterminate’ classification segment, often leading to the use of surgery as a diagnostic tool, when it could have been avoided with a better preoperative diagnosis. Molecular tests exist to address this issue, but they are markedly onerous.
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