Computer Game Design for Eye Contact Exercise for Children with Autism

Jizhao Xie, Qian Ji, Zicheng Lin

Abstract: Lack of concentration and eye contact are common characteristics of many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). If not intervened early, it will accompany the children as they grow up and cause more problems. To help ASD children improve their attention and sensitivity to eye contact, this study designed computer game products for high-functioning ASD children between ages of 3–10 years. This study used game science and implicit learning theory, combined with eye-tracking technology, to design the entire gameplay experience using eye gaze as a means of interaction. Players needed to maintain focus and interact with game characters using their eye gaze, thereby progressing through the game. It established a story about becoming a carrot garden protector, and players were told that they must protect the rabbit and his carrot garden. After the completion of the game prototype, it was used by children at the ASD Rehabilitation Center in the Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The design was evaluated for feasibility, safety, and intervention effectiveness. The test results and user feedback revealed that the game received high ratings in novelty, practicality, interactivity, ease of use, and safety. Moderate-to-high functioning children with autism performed well while using the game, with nearly half of them able to participate. Rehabilitation specialists and doctors regard the game as having the potential to become an effective rehabilitation tool. Furthermore, active guidance from parents during gameplay played a crucial role in improving the children’s technical skills. Through two weeks of follow-up tests for a total of four times, it was found that the game could help improve some symptoms of autistic children to a certain extent, including eye contact, gaze attitude, and concentration. In general, the game provided positive gaming experiences for moderate -to-high functioning children with autism, demonstrating value and significance for its usage and promotion.