Dual Watermarking for Protection of Medical Images based on Watermarking of Frequency Domain and Genetic Programming

Abdul Joseph Fofanah, Tiegang Gao

Abstract: In this paper, we presents two watermarking schemes namely: Scheme I present an hybrid of discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) watermarking technique while Scheme II presents a genetic programming (GP) based technique. Both of these schemes were experimented with 512x512 and 256x256 medical images and other standard images such as Lena, Barbara, Baboon, Flower, Brain etc. against state-of-the-art watermarking techniques. According to our results, shows better performance of the two main criteria use to check for any watermarking techniques (Imperceptivity and Robustness). The experimental results reveals that for imperceptivity, peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM) shows better performance when compared against Arsalan's and Hurrah's approaches. Similarly, for robustness the parameters used are normalized correlation (NCC) and bit error rate (BER). According to results obtained, both schemes' parameters show high performance except for Scheme I BER with 0.0038. Finally, in terms of fragility both schemes provided better resistance to any signal processing attacks.