Parallel Contraction Hierarchies Construction on Road Networks

Zi Chen, Xinyu Ji, Long Yuan, Xuemin Lin, Wenjie Zhang, Shan Huang

Abstract: Shortest path query on road networks is a fundamental problem to support many location-based services and wide variant applications. Contraction Hierarchies(CH) is widely adopted to accelerate the shortest path query by leveraging shortcuts among vertices. However, the state-of-the-art CH construction method named $\mathsf{VCHCons}$ suffers from inefficiencies due to their strong reliance on pre-determined vertex order. This leads to the generation of a large number of invalid shortcuts and the limit of parallel processing capability. Motivated by it, in this paper, an innovative CH construction algorithm called $\mathsf{ECHCons}$ is devised following an edge-centric paradigm, which addresses the issue of invalid shortcut production by introducing a novel edge-ordering strategy. Furthermore, it optimizes shortcut calculation within a dynamically constructed optimal subgraph, which is significantly smaller than the original network, thus shrinking the traversal space during index construction. To further enhance efficiency and overcome the limitations in parallelism inherent to $\mathsf{VCHCons}$ , our approach leverages batch contraction of edges and introduces a well-defined lower bound technique to unlock more efficient parallel computation resources. Our approach provides both theoretical guarantee and practical advancement in CH construction. Extensive and comprehensive experiments are conducted on real road networks. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed approach.