In-Ear EEG Auditory Neurofeedback Towards Unobtrusive Sleep Enhancement

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Min Suk Lee, Zhaoyi Liu, Abhinav Uppal, Jiahao Song, Akshay Paul, Florian Chapotot, Esra Tasali, Yuchen Xu, Gert Cauwenberghs

Published: 2025, Last Modified: 06 Nov 2025CICC 2025EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Sleep is not only essential for maintaining quality of life, but also one of the most important factors in sustaining long-term health and fending off disease. Slow wave sleep (deep sleep) mediates the body's natural mechanisms for replenishing and repair. While pharmacological and other clinical interventions target treatment of sleep disorders, novel approaches are critically needed to improve sleep quality. This review assesses using ear-electroencephalography (ear-EEG) for monitoring and modulating slow wave sleep.