RiskAtlas: Exposing Domain-Specific Risks in LLMs through Knowledge-Graph-Guided Harmful Prompt Generation

ICLR 2026 Conference Submission19062 Authors

Keywords: Knowledge Graph, Domain-Specific, AI Safety, LLM

TL;DR: An end-to-end framework that leverages knowledge-graph guidance and dual-path rewriting to generate implicit, domain-specific harmful prompts for LLM safety.

Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in specialized domains such as finance and healthcare, where they introduce unique safety risks. Domain-specific datasets of harmful prompts remain scarce and are heavily dependent on manual construction; existing public datasets mainly focus on explicit harmful prompts, which modern LLM defenses can often detect and refuse. In contrast, implicit harmful prompts—those expressed through indirect domain knowledge—are harder to detect and better reflect real-world threats. We identify two challenges: transforming domain knowledge into actionable constraints and increasing the implicitness of generated harmful prompts. To address them, we propose an end-to-end framework that first performs knowledge-graph-guided harmful prompt generation to systematically produce domain-relevant prompts, and then applies dual-path obfuscation rewriting to convert explicit harmful prompts into implicit variants via direct and context-enhanced rewriting. This framework yields high-quality datasets combining strong domain relevance with implicitness, enabling more realistic red-teaming and advancing LLM safety research.

Primary Area: alignment, fairness, safety, privacy, and societal considerations

Submission Number: 19062