On the Robustness of Safe Reinforcement Learning under Observational PerturbationsDownload PDF

Published: 01 Feb 2023, Last Modified: 29 Sept 2024ICLR 2023 posterReaders: Everyone
Keywords: Safe reinforcement learning, deep reinforcement learning, state robust reinforcement learning
TL;DR: We study the robustness of safe RL under observational perturbations, and propose two effective adversaries and a defense algorithm to increase the agent's safety under attacks.
Abstract: Safe reinforcement learning (RL) trains a policy to maximize the task reward while satisfying safety constraints. While prior works focus on the performance optimality, we find that the optimal solutions of many safe RL problems are not robust and safe against carefully designed observational perturbations. We formally analyze the unique properties of designing effective observational adversarial attackers in the safe RL setting. We show that baseline adversarial attack techniques for standard RL tasks are not always effective for safe RL and propose two new approaches - one maximizes the cost and the other maximizes the reward. One interesting and counter-intuitive finding is that the maximum reward attack is strong, as it can both induce unsafe behaviors and make the attack stealthy by maintaining the reward. We further propose a robust training framework for safe RL and evaluate it via comprehensive experiments. This paper provides a pioneer work to investigate the safety and robustness of RL under observational attacks for future safe RL studies. Code is available at: \url{https://github.com/liuzuxin/safe-rl-robustness}
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